R&D Symposium 1
Battery Chemistries for Automotive Applications
June 14-15, 2016 | Cobo Center | Detroit, Michigan
Part of the 16th Annual Advanced Automotive Battery Conference
Expansion of Electrified Vehicles will require batteries with higher performance and lower cost to support cost-effective vehicles with a longer range. Electrical energy storage systems must deliver improved performance and be cost equivalent to conventional internal combustion engines and permit dramatic reductions in emissions. Advanced chemistries are critical to achieving these goals and enabling electrification.
Battery Chemistries for Automotive Applications will bring together representatives from leading automotive OEM companies, their supply chain, and academic researchers to review, analyze, and discuss technological advances and commercial viability. The presentations will cover advances in high-energy Li-Ion chemistry as well as other chemistries, including metal-lithium systems, Si anodes, Li-S, magnesium-ion and solid-state technologies. In addition to reviewing technical advances, we will examine the technical and commercial viability.
Welcome!
Dear friends of batteries and battery materials,
For 2016 we were able to assemble a conference program that is both exceptionally timely and unrivalled in practical relevance. Celebrating the 25th anniversary of the commercialization of the lithium ion battery in this year, we will start AABC’s Battery Chemistry Symposium with an energizing view on the various lithium ion chemistries that are prefigured for the current and next generations of this cell technology. Having set this benchmark, we will address emerging beyond-lithium-ion cell chemistries of the future highlighting the two key components that are understood to be the main enablers of novel and better high energy density batteries, viz. lithium metal and solid state battery chemistries.
Meet with colleagues and friends, listen to premier speakers, get your technology update in just 1.5 days, attend the Battery Chemistry Symposium at AABC from June 14-15 in Detroit!
- Martin Winter, Symposium Chair
Final Agenda
Arrive Early and Attend a Tutorial
TUESDAY, JUNE 14
8:00 am Registration Open and Morning Coffee
9:00 Chairperson’s Opening Remarks
Martin Winter, Ph.D., Chair, Applied Material Science for Energy Conversion and Storage, MEET Battery, Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster
9:05 KEYNOTE PRESENTATION: Future Trends of Li-Ion Batteries
M. Stanley Whittingham, D.Phil., Distinguished Professor, Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, Binghamton University
Today Li-ion batteries are the work-horse of advanced portable storage for vehicles. However, they achieve only 10-20% of the theoretical energy densities. By “closing the gap” between theory and practice for the layered oxides and incorporating 2e per redox center, it should be possible to attain 350 Wh/kg and 1 kWh/liter at the cell level. These and other approaches will be discussed.
Chairperson: Venkat Srinivasan, Ph.D., Staff Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
9:25 Development of Novel Electrolyte Additives for Designed Surface Modification
Brett L. Lucht, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island
Investigation of electrolytes on performance of lithium-ion batteries will be presented. Ex situ surface analysis of the cycled electrodes allows the development of an understanding of the role of the electrolyte and common additives in the structure of interfacial electrode films. The mechanistic insight is used to systematically develop novel electrolyte Additives for Designed Surface Modification (ADSM) of the electrodes.
9:45 Safe, Green and Low Cost Li-Ion Chemistry Enabled by Aqueous Interphase
Arthur Cresce, Ph.D., Materials Scientist, Electrochemistry Branch, U.S. Army Research Laboratory
The interphases play a key role in enabling Li-ion intercalation chemistries in non-aqueous electrolytes, in which solvents reduction mainly contributes the chemical building blocks. Recently Suo et al. discovered for the first time that such protective interphases could be formed in aqueous media via manipulation of the Li-ion solvation structure. This discovery opened a window to an entirely new world, and makes it possible to employ aqueous electrolytes to replace the inflammable and toxic non-aqueous components that induce huge costs in processing, safety management and packaging. This talk will summarize the newest progress achieved in this new direction.
10:05 Grand Opening Coffee Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
11:30 A Closer Look at Silicon-Graphite (Si-Gr) Composite Electrodes During Cycling in NCM523/Si-Gr Full Cells
Daniel P. Abraham, Ph.D., Scientist, Argonne National Laboratory
Silicon-graphite composite electrodes, which are physically robust, highly uniform, and very flexible even at high capacity loadings, have been developed at Argonne. However, NCM523-bearing full cells containing these electrodes show significant capacity loss and impedance rise during cycling. We explore sources of these performance changes in cells with Li-metal and Lix Sn reference electrodes, and propose practical solutions that improve cell life.
11:50 Tailoring Properties of Carbon Additives to Meet the Needs of Li-Ion Batteries
Miki Oljaca, Ph.D., Technology Manager, Battery R&D, Cabot Corporation
Despite significant advances in Li-ion battery technology over the last few years, specific energy density is still insufficient to enable widespread adoption of electric vehicles. New approaches are needed to increase energy density, reduce cost and improve safety. In this talk, we will discuss how tailoring of conductive additive properties can impact processing and performance of Li-ion battery electrodes and provide some examples of novel conductive additives that can address requirements of next generation batteries.
12:10 pm Irreversible Capacities, Coulombic Efficiencies and Energy Efficiencies: Sorting out Promising and Less Promising Lithium-Ion Battery Materials
Martin Winter, Ph.D., Chair, Applied Material Science for Energy Conversion and Storage, MEET Battery, Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster
Research is searching for new materials. Optimization efforts are in large majority focused on the increase in capacity, cycle life and rate behavior of these materials. In this presentation, irreversible capacities, Coulombic efficiencies and energy efficiencies of new and as promising considered electrode materials will be detailed and compared. As a result, several of the new electrode materials may be reconsidered with regard to their relevance for applications where efficiency plays a key role.
12:30 Q&A
12:50 Electrochemical Performance of Lac Knife High Purity Flake Graphite in the Anode and Cathode of Lithium Ion Batteries
Joseph E. Doninger, Ph.D., Director, Manufacturing and Technology, Focus Graphite Inc.
Li-Ion coin cell tests conducted on the Lac Knife spherical graphite resulted in achieving near theoretical reversible capacities and first cycle ICLs as low as 1%. Long term cycling tests exhibited essentially zero capacity loss after 110 cycles. Resistivity tests incorporating Lac Knife expanded graphite in the cathode matrix resulted in greatly improved conductivities and thereby offer the potential to improve overall Li-Ion battery performance.
1:05 Networking Lunch
2:00 Dessert Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
3:00 Chairperson’s Remarks
Tim Arthur, Ph.D., Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America
3:05 Next-Generation Batteries based on Protected Lithium Metal Electrodes
Steven J. Visco, Ph.D., CEO, CTO, PolyPlus Battery Company
In the late 1980’s a number of companies were involved efforts to commercialize rechargeable lithium metal batteries. Safety issues associated with the stripping and plating of lithium metal in liquid electrolytes doomed the commercial prospects for these battery systems, and battery developers worked on alternative solutions for the rechargeable battery market. This was followed in 1991 by the highly successful commercial launch of Li-ion batteries by Sony. Although Li-ion battery technology has seen steady incremental improvements since that time, the market demand for the next disruptive battery technology is strong. Accordingly, over the past few decades, there have been significant investments in R&D targeted at next-generation batteries. PolyPlus has focused its effort on the development of solid-state lithium metal electrodes as an enabling technology for next generation batteries. In this presentation, we will examine a number of development paths for solid-state anodes, as well as the evolution from Li-ion to safe, rechargeable Li metal batteries.
3:25 Solid Electrolytes: An Enabling Technology for Vehicle Electrification
Jeff Sakamoto, Ph.D., Professor, Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan
Increases to the performance of Li-ion batteries will not be sufficient to reach targets such as the USABC EV 2020 goals, and the liquid electrolyte poses a safety risk. Solid electrolytes enable alternative advanced battery concepts which solve the safety issue and can meet or exceed the performance needed for EV. This talk overviews these concepts with a focus on Solid-State Batteries.
3:45 Development of Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Battery
Yuki Katoh, Ph.D., Battery AT, Advanced Technology Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA
The all-solid-state battery is the most promising candidate for future battery systems, due to the high energy density obtained by direct-series-stacking of the battery cells. However, the low power of this system still remains an unsolved issue. It is mainly because of low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. In order to improve the battery performance, we developed a solid electrolyte based on the Li10GeP2S12.
4:05 On the Importance of Scale-Up
Mohan Karulkar, Ph.D., Battery Research Engineer, Energy Storage Materials & Strategy, Ford Motor Company
The need for higher energy density in automotive batteries has been well-demonstrated by USABC long-term EV targets. While many promising technologies are developed in academia, there exists a gap between academic and industrial research. This is partly due to the incompatibility of automotive targets with academic research metrics. However, while some common metrics can be identified, others remain impossible to translate due to scale. Bench-top experiments are helpful for identifying promising materials, but key automotive metrics like volume change are impractical to measure in bench-scale cells. Thus, resources that enable low-volume scale-up of bench scale research are critical to truly addressing automotive needs. This talk will detail various metrics that lend themselves to scale-up, and how those metrics apply to specific areas of Ford’s research, including sulfur cathodes, solid-state electrolytes, and silicon-based anodes. The need for higher energy density has driven development of promising bench-scale technologies. However, key automotive metrics and targets are difficult to evaluate at the bench scale. Thus, resources that enable low-volume scale-up of promising benchtop research are critical to addressing automotive needs. This talk will detail strategies for scale-up of energy storage technologies and associated metrics. .
4:25 Q&A
4:45 Networking Reception in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
5:45 Close of Day
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 15
8:30 am Morning Coffee
9:00 Chairperson’s Remarks
Steven J. Visco, Ph.D., CEO, CTO, PolyPlus Battery Company
9:05 Status of Li-Metal Batteries for Vehicle Applications
Venkat Srinivasan, Ph.D., Staff Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
While there has been renewed interest in Li metal-based batteries, driven by recent progress in solid electrolytes, it is still not clear if the properties of presently available solid electrolytes are sufficient to meet the targets for electric vehicle applications. This talk will access the status of presently available material and provide guidance for materials development.
9:25 Drivers and Technologies for Li-Metal Solid-State Batteries
Juergen Gross, Ph.D., Senior Vice President Research, Bosch
Success of electrified mobility will be decided by battery performance and cost. Some of the limitations of Li-ion technology can be overcome by Solid-State Batteries. Improvements in energy density, intrinsic safety and cost are demonstrated. Bosch and Seeo see good chances to introduce such technologies to mass market in the early 2020s.
9:45 Li-Metal Battery - Application in Automotive
Mei Cai, Ph.D., Technical Fellow & Lab Group Manager, General Motors
Highly emerged EV market evokes the demands on advanced batteries with high energy density. Among all industrial areas where advanced batteries will be applied, the automotive industry has critical requirements on specific parameters. In this talk we will present the requirements for future electrical vehicle application and the impact of Li-metal batteries on the automotive industry. Some concerns and disadvantages of Li-metal batteries will be also discussed.
10:05 Coffee Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
11:00 Design of Components for the Sustainable Li-S Batteries
Robert Dominko, Ph.D., Research Associate, National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia Ljubljana University
A special attention will be paid to development of carbons, electrolytes and separators used for cylindrical prototype cells prepared within EU projects Eurolis and Helis. Selection of the components is based on understanding the mechanisms of the electrochemical reactions with a focus to obtain Li-S cells with high energy density and long cycling life.
11:20 Prospects of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Automotive Applications
Kevin G. Gallagher, Ph.D., Chemical Engineer, Argonne National Laboratory
The high theoretical specific energy of lithium-sulfur coupled with the low cost and natural abundance of sulfur is intuitively attractive for researchers and battery developers. This talk translates the materials-only values to the system level cost and energy density in comparison to forecasted advances in lithium-ion. Lithium-sulfur challenges and potential strategies to overcome them will be highlighted.
11:40 Challenges of the Electrode /Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium Metal Batteries
Mustafa Musameh, Ph.D., CSIRO Manufacturing
Lithium metal has the highest specific energy (3800 mAh.g-1) of all anode materials making it extremely attractive for use in the next generation of lithium batteries. However, due to Lithium being the most electronegative element on the periodic table, it typically reacts with all electrolytes that come in contact with it, forming a “solid electrolyte interphase” or SEI. In order to be able to utilize Lithium metal as an anode in a lithium battery, it is necessary to develop electrolytes where a “stable” SEI can be established to allow reversible plating and stripping under typical device conditions. In this presentation, we will highlight CSIRO’s research into lithium metal anodes using electrolytes based on ionic liquids. We will describe our work in understanding how these electrolytes interact with lithium and how this translates to devices, such as Li-S.
12:00 pm Q&A
12:20 Networking Lunch
1:05 Dessert Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
2:00 Close of Symposium