Logistic Aspects of Vehicle Electrification and Large Stationary Storage Systems
While the biggest obstacle to the expansion of vehicle electrification and ESS proliferation clearly relates to the difficulty for battery technologies to compete with fossil fuel, there are notable commercial and logistics issues. In this session, EV, Utility, ESS systems, infrastructure developers and related stakeholders discussed plans to meet the commercial challenges to vehicle electrification and ESS proliferation, including charging technology and infrastructure, grid integration, maintenance, transportation, and recycling.
Session Chairman:
Roland Matthé,GM Technical Fellow Global Battery Systems & Manager Electrification Architecture, Adam Opel AG
Mr. Matthé leads the development of the Li-Ion battery system for GM’s upcoming extended-range EV, the Chevrolet Volt. He began his work in the EFLEX concept team in 2006 and moved to the GM Technical Center in Warren in 2007. Up to then he was responsible for system design of advanced fuel cell propulsion systems and batteries.
SESSION AGENDA
Infrastructure Challenges for BEVs and FCEVs Joerg Wind, EU-Projects and Energy Systems Analyses, Daimler AG
Daimler has been developing electric vehicles since the early 1970s and has started series production and sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles. Series production of fuel cell electric vehicles will be started in a few years. Thus, Daimler covers the whole portfolio of electric vehicles in the premium segment. For a sustainable success of all electric vehicles, the buildup of the necessary infrastructure (charging stations for BEVs and PHEVs and hydrogen refueling stations for FCEVs) is essential. Both kinds of infrastructures are facing their individual challenges. In the presentation the current status of the infrastructure and already started initiatives for the further build-up will be shown.
OEM Perspective on Battery Support for Lifetime: Repair-Refurbish-Reuse-Recycle Roland Matthé, GM Technical Fellow Global Battery Systems & Manager Electrification Architecture, Adam Opel AG
General Motors is selling vehicles with Lithium Ion battery systems in North America since 2010 and in Europe since 2011. The battery system of the “Extended Range Electric Vehicle” (EREV) Opel / Vauxhall Ampera and Chevrolet VOLT is built with 288 Lithium Ion cells, has a nominal voltage of 360 V, a capacity of 16.5 kWh and the system mass of 192 kg. The Battery systems represents a significant value, so long life, service, transport and recycling become more important.
Higher DC voltage level requires service operations to comply with local workplace safety regulations, training of technicians and service concept for vehicle and battery have to comply.
Manufacturing and selling of electric vehicles has long term implications for OEM:
Repair of xEV vehicles, the electrical-system and battery systems, compliant with safety regulation
Transport of Lithium Ion battery systems compliant with ADR
Take back vehicles to meet the obligations of the “End of live vehicles Regulation” by the EU
Battery Recycling is required and regulated by the EU
Reuse of battery system in stationary applications could be an option to extend usage of batteries and delay recycling.
The presentation will show examples how to address the regulatory requirements and discuss concepts how the OEM can address the long-term obligations.
Inductive Charging – Technological Challenges and the Status of Standardization Michael Scholz, P3 automotive GmbH
Considering electric mobility from a customer’s point of view the most predominant topics are probably range and cost. However, especially considering the daily usability, charging is one of the raising issues since it is directly experienced by the customer. Where the handling of the cable seems to become an obstacle in the spread of electric mobility, inductive charging can be considered as a potential enabler. However, the development of the young technology – at least in automotive applications – is still facing several challenges:
Correlations of parameters that influence the power transfer
Vehicle integration and package
Compliance with norms and guidelines
Alignment tolerances and positioning
Wireless communication
Standardization and interoperability
By covering these topics, the presentation aims at giving an overview of the current situation in the development of inductive charging systems.
Transportation of Large li-Ion Batteries: Issues and Current Regulations Fabian-Alexander Polonius, Safety Adviser Dangerous Goods, Daimler AG
No matter what your task is in the battery business, somehow you will have come across the challenge of transporting lithium batteries (a dangerous good) from one place to another. There is a need to transport batteries in all modes to perform abuse tests or test drives, deliver them to your customer or the production site and finally to bring them back from the field for further testing or recycling, remanufacturing or any re-use.
The presentation will give an overview of all important aspects regarding the transport of automotive size Lithium-Ion Batteries, including:
examples of the vast variety of large Lithium-Ion Batteries present in the automotive industry (Orchestra of Lithium Ion Batteries at Daimler),
international regulations in road, sea and air transport (incl. ADR, IMDG-Code, ICAO-TI/IATA-DGR and 49 CFR),
transport testing requirements (e.g. 2.9.4 UN Recommendations and 38.3 UN Manual of Tests and Criteria),
assessment reports for risk determination before transport (examples of check sheets),
prototype and tested type (serial) batteries,
potentially damaged, defect and unsafe batteries,
packaging, marking, labelling and documentation (examples of packaging in all kind of performance levels),
possible approvals needed in road, sea and air transport.
Stationary Batteries Li-Ion Safe Deployment Bastien Caillard, Project Manager, EU-VRi – The European Virtual Institute for Integrated Risk Management
The main objective of STABALID is to support the deployment of safe Li-ion stationary batteries with a cell size larger than 10 Ah and systems larger than 1 MWh. This is done by developing, testing, validating and disseminating a new international standard for stationary battery tests during the course of the project.
Context:
The Li-ion technology
The safety behavior is a key driver for industrial implementation
Existing Protocols for Safety Testing
Objectives of the project
Innovative STABALID approach: from “a priori tests” to a “risk-based approach”
Targeted standardization committees
IEC 62619 “Safety requirements for large format secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications”
IEC 62897 “Stationary Energy Storage Systems with Lithium Batteries - Safety Requirements”
